( August 18, 2025, 2:58 PM EDT) -- SAN FRANCISCO — On a matter of first impression, Ninth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals panel held Aug. 15 that an internet service provider (ISP) acting only as a “conduit” for the infringement of copyrighted materials cannot be forced by a clerk-issued subpoena to provide the identities of subscribers who used torrenting software under a section of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)....